ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF DRUG ABUSE ON CRIME RATES IN NIGERIAN SOCIETY. A CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC NASARAWA

ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF DRUG ABUSE ON CRIME RATES IN NIGERIAN SOCIETY. A CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC NASARAWA

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the impact of drug abuse on crime rates among students at Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, Nigeria. Through a mixed-methods approach, data were collected on the prevalence, types, contributing factors, and suggested measures to address drug abuse on campus. Findings reveal a significant prevalence of drug abuse among students, with marijuana, codeine, and tramadol being the most commonly abused substances. Peer pressure emerged as the primary contributing factor to drug abuse, followed by curiosity, stress, availability of drugs, and family influence. Students suggested various measures to address drug abuse, including awareness campaigns, counseling services, strict enforcement of policies, rehabilitation programs, and peer support groups. These findings underscore the need for comprehensive prevention and intervention strategies to address substance misuse effectively and promote a safer campus environment for all students.

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background to the Study
Drug abuse is a multifaceted issue with far-reaching consequences for individuals, families, and communities worldwide. According to the World Drug Report by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) (2020), an estimated 269 million people aged 15-64, or 5.4% of the global population, used drugs at least once in 2018. This prevalence underscores the pervasive nature of substance abuse and its impact on public health and social stability.
Cecilia (2010) opined that medically, drug abuse is the use of drug to an extent that it produces definite impairment of social, psychological or physiological functioning of the user. It is the use of illegal drugs, or the misuse of prescription or over-the-counter drugs. It refers to the use of a drug for purposes for which it is not intended or using a drug in excessive quantities. Such drugs of abuse include tobacco, barbiturates, amphetamines and narcotics. Drug abuse entails a strong cultural and subjective bias, depends on whether a society at a particular point in time views the use of a particular drug as acceptable or not. Therefore, what is regarded as normal use as against pathological abuse varies greatly from drug, quantity, situation to situation, culture to culture or even among subcultures of the same society.
Furthermore, NAFDAC (2000) as cited by Haladu (2003) explained the term drug abuse as excessive and persistent self-administration of a drug without regard to the medically or culturally accepted patterns. It could also be viewed as the use of a drug to the extent that it interferes with the health and social function of an individual.  It has been observed that much of drugs use among youths take place in schools. The incidence of substance use among students is called high or highness (Eneh and Stanley, 2004). Drug and alcohol use during adolescence is almost always a social experience and a learned behaviour (Swaid 1988). One of the important psychological phenomena observed during this period of adolescence is experimentation (Graham, Turk and Verhulst 1999). This behaviour has been found to lead to the trying out of new experiences such as drug and sex, sometimes with dire consequence for the adolescents.
In Nigeria, drug abuse has emerged as a pressing concern, with significant implications for public health, security, and socioeconomic development. The country serves as a major transit point for drug trafficking, particularly cocaine, heroin, and cannabis, destined for international markets (UNODC, 2019). The National Drug Law Enforcement Agency (NDLEA) reported a steady increase in drug seizures and arrests over the past decade, reflecting the growing scale of illicit drug activities in Nigeria (NDLEA Annual Report, 2020).
Nasarawa state, located in north-central Nigeria, has not been spared from the adverse effects of drug abuse. The state’s strategic location along major transportation routes and its proximity to drug-producing regions make it susceptible to drug trafficking and consumption (Nasarawa State Government, 2018). Within this context, Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, as an institution of higher learning, plays a pivotal role in addressing the challenges posed by drug abuse among its student population.
Previous research has consistently illuminated the intricate relationship between drug abuse and criminal behavior, emphasizing the pivotal role of substance use as a precursor to various forms of unlawful activities (UNODC, 2018). Within the Nigerian context, studies have corroborated these findings, highlighting the pervasive link between drug abuse and a spectrum of criminal activities, including drug trafficking, violent crimes, and property offenses (Oshodi, Aina, & Onajole, 2010). Despite these insights, a significant gap persists in the literature, particularly concerning context-specific research within educational environments such as Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa. While existing studies offer valuable insights into the broader dynamics of drug abuse and crime in Nigeria, they often overlook the unique social and institutional factors that influence substance use patterns and criminal behavior within educational settings. Therefore, there is a pressing need for research that delves into the specific challenges and dynamics of drug abuse and crime within the campus community, to inform targeted interventions and policy measures aimed at fostering a safe and conducive learning environment.
Addressing this gap in the literature is crucial for understanding the nuanced interactions between drug abuse and crime within educational institutions and devising effective strategies for prevention and intervention. Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, like many other tertiary institutions in Nigeria, serves as a microcosm of society, where students grapple with myriad social, economic, and psychological pressures. Within this context, the prevalence of drug abuse poses a significant threat to the well-being and safety of students, faculty, and staff. By conducting context-specific research within Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, it becomes possible to uncover the underlying factors driving substance use and criminal behavior on campus, as well as identify tailored interventions to address these issues. Moreover, insights derived from this research can inform broader policies and initiatives aimed at promoting a culture of health, safety, and academic excellence within Nigerian educational institutions.
By investigating the prevalence of drug abuse and its impact on crime rates within the campus community, this study seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics underlying substance use and criminal behavior among Nigerian youth. Furthermore, the findings of this research can inform the development of targeted interventions and policy initiatives aimed at addressing drug-related challenges in educational institutions and broader society.
The issue of drug abuse and its ramifications for crime rates within the Nigerian context, particularly within educational settings like Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, presents a multifaceted challenge. Despite existing research highlighting the nexus between drug abuse and criminal behavior, there remains a notable gap in understanding the specific dynamics and impact of this relationship within the campus community. The prevalence of drug abuse among students, coupled with its potential consequences for campus safety, academic performance, and overall well-being, underscores the urgency of addressing this issue.
Furthermore, the lack of comprehensive and context-specific research focusing on Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa impedes the development of targeted interventions and policy measures to mitigate the adverse effects of drug abuse and associated criminal activities. Without a thorough understanding of the underlying factors driving substance use and criminal behavior on campus, efforts to address these challenges may prove ineffective or insufficient. Thus, there is a pressing need to investigate the extent of drug abuse within Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, its correlation with crime rates, and the underlying socio-environmental factors contributing to this phenomenon. Such research is essential for informing evidence-based strategies aimed at promoting a safe and conducive learning environment for all members of the campus community.
1.2     Statement of the Problem
Drug abuse has become a pervasive issue within Nigerian society, contributing to a myriad of social and economic problems. The alarming rise in substance abuse, particularly among the youth, poses a significant threat to community safety and stability. This problem is exacerbated in educational institutions, where students are increasingly exposed to and involved in drug-related activities.
Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, like many other institutions in Nigeria, has witnessed a surge in drug abuse cases among its student population. This trend not only undermines the academic performance and future prospects of the students but also contributes to the escalation of criminal activities within the campus and its environs. Incidents of theft, assault, vandalism, and other forms of criminal behavior have been linked to drug abuse, creating an unsafe environment for students, staff, and the surrounding community.
Despite various efforts by the institution and law enforcement agencies to curb this menace, the problem persists, indicating a need for a deeper understanding of the underlying causes and the impact of drug abuse on crime rates. Addressing this issue is crucial for developing effective strategies to reduce drug-related crimes and enhance the overall security and well-being of the society.
This study aims to assess the impact of drug abuse on crime rates at Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, providing insights into the correlation between substance abuse and criminal behavior. By examining this relationship, the research seeks to identify effective intervention measures that can be implemented to mitigate the adverse effects of drug abuse and promote a safer educational environment.
1.3       Objectives of the Study
The primary objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between drug abuse and crime rates within the context of Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa. Specifically, the study aims to:
Determine the prevalence and patterns of drug abuse among students, faculty, and staff at Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa.
Assess the extent to which drug abuse contributes to various forms of criminal behavior within the campus community.
Identify the socio-environmental factors influencing drug abuse and criminal activity within Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa.
Examine the impact of drug abuse on campus safety, academic performance, and overall well-being.
Propose evidence-based recommendations for addressing drug abuse and reducing associated crime rates within Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa and similar educational institutions in Nigeria.
1.4       Research Questions
To achieve the objectives outlined above, the study will address the following research questions:
What is the prevalence of drug abuse among students, faculty, and staff at Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa?
What are the common types of drugs abused within the campus community, and what are the patterns of drug use?
How does drug abuse correlate with different forms of criminal behavior, such as drug trafficking, violent crimes, and property offenses, within Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa?
What are the socio-environmental factors contributing to drug abuse and criminal activity within the campus community?
What is the perceived impact of drug abuse on campus safety, academic performance, and overall well-being among students, faculty, and staff?
      Significance of the Study
The significance of this study lies in its potential to address a critical issue affecting the safety, well-being, and academic environment of Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa and similar educational institutions in Nigeria. By investigating the relationship between drug abuse and crime rates within the campus community, this research seeks to contribute valuable insights that can inform evidence-based interventions and policy measures aimed at promoting a safe and conducive learning environment.
Firstly, the study’s findings will provide a comprehensive understanding of the prevalence and patterns of drug abuse among students, faculty, and staff at Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa. By shedding light on the types of drugs commonly abused and the socio-environmental factors influencing substance use, the research can inform targeted prevention and intervention strategies tailored to the specific needs of the campus population.
Secondly, the study will elucidate the link between drug abuse and various forms of criminal behavior within the campus community. By examining the correlation between drug abuse and crime rates, including drug trafficking, violent crimes, and property offenses, the research can identify areas of concern and vulnerability within the campus environment, guiding efforts to enhance security and deter criminal activity.
Moreover, the study’s findings will have broader implications for campus safety, academic performance, and overall well-being. By assessing the impact of drug abuse on these outcomes, the research can highlight the need for holistic support services and resources to address the complex challenges faced by students, faculty, and staff affected by substance use disorders.
1.6       Scope and Delimitation of the Study
The scope of this study encompasses an investigation into the relationship between drug abuse and crime rates within the campus community of Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa, located in Nasarawa state, Nigeria. The study will focus on students, faculty, and staff affiliated with the institution, examining the prevalence and patterns of drug abuse, as well as the extent to which substance use contributes to various forms of criminal behavior within the campus environment.
Delimitations of the study include:
Geographical Focus: The research will specifically focus on Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa and its immediate surroundings within Nasarawa state. While the findings may have broader implications for similar educational institutions across Nigeria, the study’s scope is limited to this particular campus community.
Population: The study will primarily target students, faculty, and staff of Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa. While other stakeholders, such as local law enforcement agencies and community leaders, may indirectly influence the dynamics of drug abuse and crime rates within the campus environment, their perspectives will not be directly examined in this study.
Time Frame: The study will focus on current trends and conditions related to drug abuse and crime rates within Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa. Historical data beyond a specified timeframe will not be included in the analysis, as the aim is to provide a snapshot of the present situation to inform contemporary interventions and policy measures.
1.7        Operational Definition of Key Terms
Drug Abuse: In this study, drug abuse refers to the non-medical use of substances that alter mental processes and result in negative consequences for physical health, psychological well-being, or social functioning. This includes the misuse of illicit drugs (e.g., cocaine, heroin), prescription medications (e.g., opioids, benzodiazepines), and alcohol, leading to addiction, impaired judgment, or risky behaviors.
Crime Rates: Crime rates in this context represent the frequency or incidence of criminal activities within the campus community of Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa. These activities encompass a range of unlawful behaviors, including but not limited to drug trafficking, assault, theft, vandalism, and other forms of misconduct. Crime rates will be assessed through reported incidents, arrests, or disciplinary actions documented by campus security, law enforcement agencies, or institutional records.
Prevalence of Drug Abuse: The prevalence of drug abuse refers to the proportion of individuals within the campus community who engage in substance misuse or addiction. This will be determined through self-reported surveys, interviews, or screening measures, capturing the percentage of students, faculty, and staff who report using drugs beyond prescribed or recommended levels.
Patterns of Drug Abuse: Patterns of drug abuse encompass the characteristics, behaviors, and trends associated with substance use among individuals within the campus community. This includes the types of drugs consumed, frequency and quantity of use, methods of administration (e.g., smoking, injection), duration of use, and contexts in which drug use occurs (e.g., social gatherings, academic stressors).
Socio-Environmental Factors: Socio-environmental factors refer to the social, economic, cultural, and environmental influences that shape drug abuse and related behaviors within the campus community. This encompasses demographic variables (e.g., age, gender, ethnicity), peer influences, family dynamics, academic pressures, accessibility of drugs, campus policies, and broader community norms regarding substance use.
Impact on Campus Safety: The impact on campus safety involves the perceived or documented effects of drug abuse and associated criminal activities on the overall security and well-being of individuals within Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa. This includes incidents of violence, theft, property damage, disruptions to academic activities, and the general sense of safety and trust within the campus environment.