GENDER BASED VIOLENCE – CHALLENGES AND SOLUTION IN NASARAWA STATE

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GENDER BASED VIOLENCE – CHALLENGES AND SOLUTION IN NASARAWA STATE

ABSTRACT

Gender-based violence (GBV) remains a critical issue in Nasarawa State, Nigeria, impacting individuals’ safety and well-being and challenging societal norms and institutional responses. This study investigates the primary challenges in addressing GBV, evaluates the effectiveness of current interventions and support systems, and explores practical solutions for improving GBV prevention and response in the state. Utilizing a survey research design, data was collected from 75 respondents through a structured questionnaire, focusing on their perceptions and experiences related to GBV. The findings reveal that cultural and societal norms are the most significant barriers to effectively addressing GBV, with many respondents highlighting the need for increased public awareness and education. The effectiveness of existing interventions is perceived as mixed, indicating that while some efforts are in place, there is substantial room for improvement. Awareness of government programs aimed at addressing GBV is relatively high, but the accessibility and quality of support services are considered inadequate by many participants. The study also identifies key areas for improvement, including the need for stronger support services, enhanced reporting mechanisms, and greater community involvement. Recommendations include launching comprehensive awareness campaigns, expanding support services, improving communication about government initiatives, addressing reporting barriers, and involving community leaders and men and boys in GBV prevention efforts. These insights underscore the necessity for a multi-faceted approach to GBV, incorporating cultural, educational, and structural changes to effectively combat and reduce gender-based violence in Nasarawa State. The study advocates for targeted interventions and collaborative efforts to create a safer and more supportive environment for GBV survivors.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

Gender-based violence (GBV) is a pervasive issue affecting societies worldwide, manifesting in various forms such as domestic violence, sexual assault, and human trafficking (UN Women, 2021). In Nigeria, GBV has become a significant concern due to its widespread nature and the deep-rooted cultural norms that perpetuate it (Ekeanyanwu, 2020). The country’s diverse cultural and ethnic landscape contributes to the complexity of addressing GBV, with each region facing unique challenges and barriers (Okunlola & Oyewole, 2019).

Nasarawa State, located in the central region of Nigeria, is not immune to these challenges. The state’s socio-cultural dynamics, including traditional beliefs and practices, play a substantial role in perpetuating GBV (Nassarawa State Government, 2022). Gender roles and stereotypes deeply ingrained in the local culture often result in the marginalization of women and girls, exacerbating their vulnerability to violence (Adebayo & Adebisi, 2021).

The Nigerian government and various non-governmental organizations have implemented policies and programs aimed at combating GBV, yet the effectiveness of these measures remains inconsistent (UNICEF, 2020). In Nasarawa State, there is a need for a comprehensive understanding of the specific challenges and gaps in the existing frameworks to develop targeted interventions (Tanimu, 2022).

Research indicates that GBV in Nasarawa State is influenced by factors such as poverty, lack of education, and limited access to support services (Nwachukwu, 2021). These elements contribute to a cycle of violence that affects not only the victims but also the broader community. Understanding these factors is crucial for devising effective strategies to combat GBV (Smith & Chukwu, 2022).

Recent reports highlight an increase in GBV cases in Nasarawa State, reflecting a broader trend observed across Nigeria (Fawole, 2022). This rise calls for urgent attention to address the underlying causes and develop solutions that are both culturally sensitive and practical (Eze & Okonkwo, 2023).

Efforts to combat GBV must consider the intersectionality of various social factors, including gender, class, and ethnicity (Obi, 2021). In Nasarawa State, this means addressing the specific needs and experiences of different groups affected by GBV. Comprehensive strategies that incorporate community-based approaches are essential for creating sustainable change (Kalu, 2023).

In conclusion, addressing GBV in Nasarawa State requires a multi-faceted approach that includes legal reforms, educational initiatives, and community engagement. This study aims to explore these aspects and propose solutions tailored to the local context to enhance the effectiveness of GBV interventions (Nwosu, 2024).

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Gender-based violence remains a critical issue in Nasarawa State, despite various efforts by government and non-governmental organizations to address it. The persistence of cultural practices that undermine women’s rights and the lack of effective enforcement of legal protections contribute significantly to the ongoing prevalence of GBV in the region (Nwachukwu, 2021). Additionally, socio-economic factors such as poverty and inadequate education exacerbate the vulnerability of women and girls to violence, creating a complex problem that requires multifaceted solutions (Smith & Chukwu, 2022).

Current interventions are often hampered by insufficient resources, lack of coordination among stakeholders, and limited community engagement (Ekeanyanwu, 2020). These challenges impede the effectiveness of existing strategies and underscore the need for a thorough examination of the specific barriers to combating GBV in Nasarawa State. Addressing these issues is crucial for developing more effective policies and support systems to protect victims and prevent future occurrences (Eze & Okonkwo, 2023).

This study seeks to explore the underlying challenges associated with GBV in Nasarawa State and propose solutions that are contextually relevant. By identifying key issues and gaps in current approaches, the research aims to contribute to the development of comprehensive strategies that address both immediate and root causes of GBV in the region (Kalu, 2023).

1.3 Objectives of the Study

1. To identify the key challenges in addressing gender-based violence in Nasarawa State.
2. To assess the effectiveness of existing interventions and support systems for GBV survivors.
3. To propose practical and culturally sensitive solutions for improving GBV prevention and response in Nasarawa State.
4. To evaluate the role of community engagement and education in combating GBV.
5. To provide recommendations for policy and practice based on the study’s findings.

1.4 Research Questions

1. What are the primary challenges in addressing gender-based violence in Nasarawa State?
2. How effective are the current interventions and support systems for GBV survivors in the state?
3. What practical solutions can be proposed to improve GBV prevention and response in Nasarawa State?
4. How does community engagement and education impact the fight against GBV in the region?

1.5 Significance of the Study

This study is significant as it provides a detailed examination of gender-based violence in Nasarawa State, a region with unique socio-cultural dynamics that influence GBV prevalence and response. By identifying the specific challenges and gaps in existing interventions, the research will offer valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and organizations working to combat GBV (Nwachukwu, 2021).

The findings of this study will contribute to the development of more effective and contextually appropriate strategies for addressing GBV, ensuring that interventions are tailored to the needs of the affected communities (Smith & Chukwu, 2022). Additionally, the research will highlight the importance of community involvement and education in enhancing the effectiveness of GBV prevention and support initiatives (Kalu, 2023).

Moreover, this study will add to the existing body of knowledge on GBV in Nigeria, providing a case study that can be used to inform similar research and interventions in other regions with comparable challenges (Ekeanyanwu, 2020). By bridging the gap between research and practice, the study aims to support efforts towards creating a safer and more equitable environment for women and girls in Nasarawa State.

Finally, the study will offer recommendations that can guide future research, policy development, and program implementation, contributing to a broader understanding of how to effectively address gender-based violence in diverse contexts (Eze & Okonkwo, 2023).

1.6 Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The scope of this study is limited to gender-based violence in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. It focuses on the challenges faced in addressing GBV, the effectiveness of existing interventions, and the potential solutions for improving prevention and response mechanisms. The study will primarily involve data collected from key stakeholders, including survivors, support organizations, and community members (Nwachukwu, 2021).

The research will be delimited to a specific geographic area within Nasarawa State, which may not fully represent the experiences of individuals in other regions of Nigeria. Additionally, the study will concentrate on certain types of GBV, such as domestic violence and sexual assault, while excluding other forms of violence that may be present in the state (Smith & Chukwu, 2022).

The study will also be constrained by the availability of resources and time, which may impact the depth of data collection and analysis. Despite these limitations, the research aims to provide valuable insights and recommendations for addressing GBV in Nasarawa State (Ekeanyanwu, 2020).

1.7 Operational Definition of Key Terms

Gender-Based Violence (GBV): Refers to harmful acts directed at individuals based on their gender, including physical, sexual, emotional, and psychological abuse. GBV encompasses a range of behaviors such as domestic violence, sexual assault, and trafficking (UN Women, 2021).

Domestic Violence: A form of GBV that occurs within the household, involving physical, emotional, or psychological abuse by an intimate partner or family member (Ekeanyanwu, 2020).

Sexual Assault: Any non-consensual sexual act, including rape, groping, and harassment, perpetrated against an individual (Smith & Chukwu, 2022).

Support Services: Resources and assistance provided to survivors of GBV, including medical care, counseling, legal aid, and shelter (Nwachukwu, 2021).

Community Engagement: The involvement of local communities in the planning and implementation of GBV prevention and response initiatives, aimed at creating supportive environments and promoting awareness (Kalu, 2023).

Cultural Sensitivity: The recognition and respect for cultural differences in the development and implementation of GBV interventions, ensuring that strategies are appropriate and effective within specific cultural contexts (Eze & Okonkwo, 2023).

Legal Framework: The set of laws and regulations established to address and prevent GBV, including enforcement mechanisms and judicial processes (UNICEF, 2020).

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