DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AND VICTIM SUPPORT SERVICE (A CASE STUDY OF ABUJA)

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DOMESTIC VIOLENCE AND VICTIM SUPPORT SERVICE (A CASE STUDY OF ABUJA)

ABSTRACT

Domestic violence remains a pressing issue in Abuja, Nigeria, with significant implications for victims and the community at large. This study explores the prevalence of domestic violence in Abuja, the socio-economic and cultural factors contributing to it, its impact on victims, and the effectiveness of existing victim support services. Using a quantitative approach, the research employed a structured questionnaire distributed to 70 respondents. The data collected was analyzed to address the research questions and provide a comprehensive understanding of the issue. The findings indicate that domestic violence is a notable concern in Abuja, with economic stress and cultural beliefs identified as major contributors. The majority of respondents recognized the severe impact of domestic violence on the mental health of victims. However, there is a notable dissatisfaction with the current victim support services, which were rated as mixed in effectiveness. Recommendations include enhancing the quality and accessibility of support services, increasing public awareness, strengthening legal frameworks, addressing socio-economic and cultural factors, and promoting community-based interventions. This study provides valuable insights into domestic violence and victim support services in Abuja, highlighting areas for improvement and offering practical recommendations to address and mitigate the issue. The findings emphasize the need for a multi-faceted approach to effectively combat domestic violence and support those affected.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background to the Study

Domestic violence, a critical social issue, transcends cultural, economic, and geographic boundaries, affecting millions globally. It encompasses physical, emotional, psychological, sexual, and economic abuse inflicted by one intimate partner upon another, with significant implications for the victim’s well-being and societal stability (World Health Organization [WHO], 2021). In Nigeria, domestic violence remains prevalent, with numerous cases going unreported due to cultural stigmatization and inadequate support systems (Amnesty International, 2020).

Abuja, Nigeria’s capital, is not immune to the scourge of domestic violence. The rapid urbanization and socio-economic disparities in the city exacerbate the conditions under which domestic violence thrives. According to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), the incidence of domestic violence in urban centers like Abuja is alarmingly high, highlighting the urgent need for effective intervention and support mechanisms (NBS, 2021).

The cultural context in Nigeria often perpetuates domestic violence. Traditional gender roles and societal norms frequently place women in subordinate positions, making them more vulnerable to abuse (Oluwatosin, 2017). These norms discourage victims from seeking help, fearing social ostracism and retribution. Consequently, many cases remain unreported, and the cycle of abuse continues unabated.

Economic dependency is another significant factor contributing to domestic violence in Abuja. Many victims, predominantly women, are financially dependent on their abusers, which complicates their ability to leave abusive relationships (Eze-Anaba, 2019). The lack of economic empowerment and opportunities for women perpetuates their vulnerability and limits their access to necessary support services.

The Nigerian government and various non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have initiated several measures to combat domestic violence. These include legal frameworks such as the Violence Against Persons (Prohibition) Act (VAPP) of 2015, which aims to protect victims and prosecute offenders (Federal Ministry of Women Affairs and Social Development, 2015). Despite these efforts, the implementation and enforcement of such laws remain inconsistent, and many victims still struggle to access justice and support.

Victim support services in Abuja, though present, face numerous challenges, including inadequate funding, insufficient training for service providers, and a lack of public awareness about available resources (Amnesty International, 2020). Shelters, counseling services, legal aid, and healthcare facilities are essential components of a comprehensive support system for domestic violence victims. However, their effectiveness is often hampered by these systemic issues.

This study aims to explore the prevalence and impact of domestic violence in Abuja, examining the effectiveness of existing support services and identifying areas for improvement. By understanding the specific challenges faced by victims and evaluating the resources available to them, this research seeks to contribute to the development of more effective intervention strategies and support mechanisms.

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Domestic violence remains a persistent and pervasive problem in Abuja, with significant socio-economic and psychological impacts on victims. Despite the existence of legal frameworks and support services, many victims continue to suffer in silence due to cultural stigmatization, economic dependency, and inadequate access to resources (Amnesty International, 2020; Eze-Anaba, 2019). The implementation and enforcement of laws such as the VAPP Act are often inconsistent, leading to a gap between legislation and actual protection for victims (Federal Ministry of Women Affairs and Social Development, 2015).

Furthermore, existing victim support services in Abuja face numerous challenges that limit their effectiveness. These challenges include insufficient funding, lack of public awareness, and inadequate training for service providers (Amnesty International, 2020). Shelters, counseling services, and legal aid are essential for assisting victims, yet their availability and quality remain inconsistent. Consequently, many victims are unable to access the help they need, prolonging their suffering and perpetuating the cycle of abuse.

There is a critical need for a comprehensive assessment of domestic violence and victim support services in Abuja to identify gaps and areas for improvement. This study seeks to address this need by investigating the prevalence and impact of domestic violence, evaluating the effectiveness of existing support services, and providing recommendations for enhancing these services to better support victims.

1.3 Objectives of the Study

The main objectives of this study are as follows:

1. To assess the prevalence of domestic violence in Abuja.
2. To identify the socio-economic and cultural factors contributing to domestic violence in Abuja.
3. To evaluate the impact of domestic violence on victims in Abuja.
4. To examine the effectiveness of existing victim support services in Abuja.
5. To provide recommendations for improving support services and reducing domestic violence in Abuja.

1.4 Research Questions

The research aims to address the following questions:

1. What is the prevalence of domestic violence in Abuja?
2. What are the socio-economic and cultural factors contributing to domestic violence in Abuja?
3. What are the impacts of domestic violence on victims in Abuja?
4. How effective are the existing victim support services in Abuja?
5. What measures can be taken to improve support services and reduce domestic violence in Abuja?

1.5 Significance of the Study

This study is significant for several reasons. Firstly, it contributes to the existing body of knowledge on domestic violence by providing a comprehensive analysis of its prevalence and impact in Abuja. This information is crucial for policymakers, researchers, and practitioners working in the field of domestic violence and victim support.

Secondly, the study highlights the socio-economic and cultural factors that contribute to domestic violence in Abuja. Understanding these factors is essential for developing targeted interventions and policies that address the root causes of domestic violence and promote social change.

Thirdly, the evaluation of existing victim support services in Abuja provides valuable insights into the strengths and weaknesses of these services. This assessment can inform the development of more effective support mechanisms and improve the quality of assistance provided to victims.

Finally, the recommendations derived from this study can guide the efforts of government agencies, NGOs, and other stakeholders in enhancing support services and reducing domestic violence in Abuja. By implementing these recommendations, it is possible to create a safer and more supportive environment for victims, ultimately contributing to the reduction of domestic violence in the region.

1.6 Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study focuses on domestic violence and victim support services in Abuja, Nigeria. The scope of the research includes:

1. Assessing the prevalence and types of domestic violence in Abuja.
2. Identifying the socio-economic and cultural factors contributing to domestic violence.
3. Evaluating the impact of domestic violence on victims.
4. Examining the effectiveness of existing victim support services, including shelters, counseling, legal aid, and healthcare services.
5. Providing recommendations for improving support services and reducing domestic violence.

The study is delimited to Abuja, given its unique socio-economic and cultural context, which may influence the nature and prevalence of domestic violence. The research will involve surveys and interviews with residents, victims, support service providers, and law enforcement officials in Abuja. Secondary data from reports, statistical databases, and existing literature will also be utilized to provide a comprehensive analysis.

1.7 Operational Definition of Key Terms

1. Domestic Violence: Any form of physical, emotional, psychological, sexual, or economic abuse inflicted by one intimate partner on another within a domestic setting.
2. Victim Support Services: Services provided to assist victims of domestic violence, including shelters, counseling, legal aid, and healthcare facilities.
3. Prevalence: The proportion of individuals in a population who experience domestic violence within a specified period.
4. Socio-economic Factors: Social and economic conditions, such as income, education, employment, and economic dependency, that influence the occurrence and impact of domestic violence.
5. Cultural Factors: Traditions, norms, and societal beliefs that influence behaviors and attitudes towards domestic violence.
6. Impact: The effects of domestic violence on victims, including physical injuries, psychological trauma, economic instability, and social isolation.
7. Effectiveness: The degree to which victim support services achieve their intended outcomes in assisting and protecting victims of domestic violence.
8. Legislation: Legal frameworks and policies designed to protect victims of domestic violence and prosecute offenders, such as the Violence Against Persons (Prohibition) Act (VAPP) of 2015.

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