EFFECTIVE PLANNING AND CONTROL AS PREREQUISITE FOR ORGANIZATIONAL SUCCESS

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EFFECTIVE PLANNING AND CONTROL AS PREREQUISITE FOR ORGANIZATIONAL SUCCESS

 (A CASE STUDY OF ACCESS BANK PLC BIDA BRANCH)

ABSTRACT

The research topic is effective planning and control as prerequisite for organizational success (A case study of access bank plc Bida branch). In the course of this project, effort was made to understand the effects of planning and controlling and their importance in an organization. The research discussed the historical background of the case study. The research tried to highlight how planning can make an organization to achieve its objectives with proper controlling process of the set plans. The major objective of this study is to suggest possible solutions to the problem of ineffective planning and control in the organization. The project work also gives analysis of available relevant facts about planning and controlling process that will be useful to a manager. The project contains the logical steps in planning and emphasizes that control should be tailored to plan and positioned in the organizational structure to specify the needs and effectiveness.  Primary source of date was used to collect necessary information for the project work which are questionnaires and interview. It was discovered from finding that qualitative decision making depends on effective planning and control and that planning alone cannot work best for any organization without control. The project work also spelt out profitable recommendations to how group decision on planning and control can assist the organization towards attaining organizational goals or success and that the top management should not be too autocratic so that the best suggestions and decisions relating to planning and control could yield the best results . The researcher arrived at a logical conclusion after the hypothesis were been tested to show the significance of effective planning and control for organizational success that qualitative decision making depends largely on effective planning and control and that the planning and control processes in the organization are very effective.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1. Background of the Study

Organizations sometimes fails to achieve their goals, in order to eliminate or minimize these problems, such organizations have to develop a result oriented controlling system. Control is the monitoring of plans and pin pointing the significant deviation from the plan. Hence planning and controlling are intimately related, they are very vital elements any organization must adopt to be able to achieve or actualize its objectives. Without planning there can be no control. But even thus, if an organization does not plan wisely, it may run into difficulties and if the control system is not able to identify the significant deviations from the plan, the control system is as good as ineffective or dormant.

Planning gives work a clear purpose, it carries management forward, predetermines result just like road may guide a tourist. Plans answers the following questions: – what will be done, how it is to be done, where to do it, when to do it and likewise whom to do it, on the other hand, control involves two basic issues i.e. what is happening and what should be happening, if the answers to both questions are not compatible, then the organization should take corrective actions or measures.

In most organizations today, ineffective planning usually emanates from mismanagement (bad management) of human resources of the organization which in turn hinders the achievement of the firm’s goals and objectives. Nigerian banks are therefore not left out in this case when viewed from both perspectives, planning must cover all aspect of the organization both internal and external factors in other to avoid organization’s failure as a result of mismanagement of resources due to lack of effective planning. Therefore, for this to be ratified, the management of the firm must set up control measures to monitor these areas and to take corrective actions were necessary, doing these will help the firm to gain a better stand and more chances to excel and to smoothly attain set objectives of the organization.

Effective planning which is process chart involves analyzing the opportunities and threats in the market place, while building the strengths and correcting the weaknesses within the firm, also involves setting goals for specific product market and for the firm.

Bernett and Wilsted (2012) and since it is perceived as a mediating force between the organization and its environment it has become highly imperative for business organization to adopt it so as to enhance productivity.  This is sequel to that fact chart business enterprises under the prevailing economic environment of today, have to be up and doing so as to be efficient to survive. 

High price due to increasing production costs coupled with severe liquidity squeeze necessitated by the dwindling external value of our national currency, have had a serious dampening effect on consumer demand.

Having been faced, therefore, with a high costs of production, diminishing markets and environmental uncertainties, business organization have had to compete move aggressively with one another to attain acceptable volumes of production, sales and a good market share. Suffice it to say, therefore, that the complexity of today’s business, coupled with the turbulence in the economic waters of the nation, makes it very turbulence in the economic waters of the nation, makes it very doubtful if any modern business organization of reasonable size can survive this competitive environment without adequate strategic planning. Therefore, that effective planning has become increasing important to managers in recent years. 

All business organizations need to plan ahead whatever the kind of market, competitive, oligopolistic or monopolistic in which they operate an organization operating in a competitive market needs to plan and design strategies such as will ensure first, its survival and when its continued profitability.  A firm operating in an oligopolistic market has move critical reason for planning because of the fierceness of the competition in such market and even the monopolist organization has to continually develop new strategies to maintain its position or else it will soon be faced with competition. 

A wrong investment decision in today’s business would likely to entail a huge financial loss.  It is against this background that this study intended to assess the effects of effective planning on the productivity of Dangote Cement. It is hoped that this study will in the long run afford the rare opportunity of understanding and appreciating the significance of effective planning in today’s organizational restructuring, planning and improvement.

1. Statement of the Problem

Planning and policy is very important to administration. Problem may be ambiguity in definition of objectives where so many organizations does not streamline their objectives thereby causing the process of policy implementation to be slow thereby reducing growth and development process; ineffective leadership implementation of policy make some managers in an organization problem to the organization from their leadership pattern or styles; lack of required reserves like finance may affect effective planning and policy in an organization thereby reducing organizational development; inappropriate planning and policies make most business owners lack necessary managerial skills, especially interpersonal or human relation skills thereby making inappropriate decision policy and too much level of management may create for policy undergoing many stages before implementation this may lead to distortion.

1.3     Objectives of the Study

The main objective of the study is to examine the effective planning on organizational success of Dangote Cement.

The objectives of this study are as follows;

1. To examine the effects of setting objectives on organizational growth
2. To determine the effects of organization structure on organizational growth.
3. To analyze the effects of performance review on organizational growth.

1.4     Research Questions

1. What is the effect of setting objectives on organizational growth?
2. What is the effect of organizational structure on organizational growth?
3. What is the effect of performance review on organizational growth?

1.5     Statement of Hypothesis

Hypothesis is defined as a guide to research or investigation in the entire process of research endeavor. It keeps the researcher on the main line of his or her study.

            Hypothesis One

H_O:      Organization structure has no significant effect on organization growth.

H_I:       Organization structure has significant effect on organization growth.

            Hypothesis Two

H_O:      Setting organization objectives has no significant effect on organization growth.

H_I:       Setting organization objectives has significant effect on organization growth.

            Hypothesis Three

H_O:      Performance review has no significant effect on organization growth.

H_I:       Performance review has significant effect on organization growth.

1.6     Scope and Limitation of the Study

This study is focused on the effect of planning on organizational success and will be conducted in Dangote Cement.

A research of this nature is found to have a lot of limitation. Time factor was a serious problem, given the time period for the completion of this research work was share along with other academic, non-academic work which was necessary in relation with the completion of the school in general. Another limitation is that of material for the secondary data. Even though there are many existing textbooks and journal of strategic management which would have been used for the research work. Another limitation is financial constraint.

1.7       Significance of the Study

The study is of significance to business executives, managers and students in the following ways:

It enables the reader to know the effect of strategic planning in organization growth.

It will also help the reader to know the planning model to get an effective implementation of policy.

This project would also help student concern, directors, managers who would like to research on the same topic or a similar one in the future to expend on their horizon

1.8     Historical Background of Dangote Cement

Dangote Cement Plc Obajana is a subsidiary of Dangote group of companies a privately owned company that undertakes manufacturing function in Nigeria. The company has over 25,000 direct employees on its staff list and about 100,000 indirect employees and it is an important business concerns to Nigeria which cuts across production of various necessities but the major concern here is Dangote Cement Plc a Nigeria-based producer of cement which is engaged in the preparation, manufacture, control, research, sale and distribution of cement and related products. The production activities of the Company are undertaken at the Obajana Plant in Kogi State, Gboko Plant in Benue State and Ibese Plant in Ogun State, all in Nigeria. The Company has operations in West and Central Africa, and South and East Africa. The Company, through its subsidiaries, is also engaged in exploration and limestone mining operations. The Company owns other plants in Senegal, Zambia, Tanzania, South Africa, Congo, Ethiopia and Cameroun, and terminals in Ghana, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast and Liberia. The Company’s subsidiaries include Sephaku Cement (Pty) Limited, Dangote Industries (Ethiopia) Plc, Dangote Industries (Zambia) Limited, Dangote Cement Senegal S.A, Dangote Cement Cameroon S. A., Dangote Industries Gabon S. A. and Dangote Quarries Kenya Limited, among others.

1.9     Definition of Terms

For the purpose of this research study, the following terms have been defined or briefly explained to help anyone who might come across this material to understand the work better.

1. Planning – this can be defined as decision in advance of action of which certain results are expected. It is also the process of setting objectives and putting up the necessary steps to achieve the objective.
2. Control – this can be defined as the monitoring of activities to ensure adherence to predetermined standard and taking corrective actions when outcomes differs from expectation or standard plan.
3. Process – it is a step by step series of activities or action.
4. Strategy – this involves decision as to how available resources will be used to achieve objectives.
5. Success: Accomplishment of an aim or purpose.
6. Organization – an organization is a formal setup that comprises or involves both physical and human resources geared towards the achievement of predetermined set goals and objectives.

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