AN ASSESSMENT ON THE IMPACT OF CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES ON ENVIRONMENT IN NIGERIA

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AN ASSESSMENT ON THE IMPACT OF CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES ON ENVIRONMENT IN NIGERIA

CHAPTER ONE

Background of the Study

The Nigeria construction industry is a wide range of loosely integrated organizations that collectively construct, alter and repair a wide range of different buildings and civil engineering projects. In a major review of project management theory, Bennett (2013) established that the environment interferes with planned progress of construction projects. The less predictable the environment and the greater its potential effects, the more it must be taken into account in managing the development of construction projects.

The project environment in many developing countries like Nigeria present special challenges for project managers that almost presupposes extensive cost and time overruns even before a project commences. These challenges arise mainly from inherent risks such as political instability, excessive bureaucratic contract procedures, and lack of adequate infrastructure such as transportation networks, electricity supply, and telecommunications systems. In recognition of these unique problems, previous research studies have suggested that there is a need to develop appropriate management tools and techniques specifically tailored to the project environment of developing countries (Faniran et al. 2014). The project environmental factors that have been generally identified include; political, legal, institutional, cultural, sociological technological resource, economic, financial, and physical infrastructure (Walker, 2011). According to Ajayi et al (2012), the four most important external environmental factors in decreasing order include community issues, weather conditions, economic situation (boom or meltdown) and government policy.

Project performance, according to Cheung et al (2015), can be measured and evaluated using a large number of performance indicators that could be related to various dimensions (groups) such as time, cost, quality, client satisfaction, client changes, business performance, health and safety. Generally, performance dimensions may have one or more indicators, and could be influenced by various project characteristics. For example, Iyer and Jha (2010) identified many factors as having an influence on project cost performance, these include: project manager’s competence, top management support, project manager’s coordinating and leadership skills, monitoring and feedback by the participants, decision-making, coordination among project participants, owners’ competence, social condition, economic condition, and climatic condition. Coordination among project participants, however, was identified as the most significant of all the factors, having maximum influence on cost performance.

The construction industry will continue to impact the physical environment as long as the industry demands natural resources, and this will assume huge environmental significance with the rapid growth in population and the attendant implications for natural resources (Ebohon and Rwelamila, 2011; Ofori et al., 2014). Housing and infrastructural development which are very resource intensive, will so much negatively impact the physical environment. The call for sustainable construction is in the realization of the construction industry’s capacity to make a significant contribution to environmental sustainability because of the enormous demands it exerts on global resources (Chrisna du Plessis, 2012).

The construction industry is therefore challenged to adopt sustainable approaches to its operations. This challenge has taken the form of compulsion through regulatory control (Petrovic- Lazarevic, 2016; Ofori et al., 2010). Considering laws made to preserve and protect the environment, construction clients and practitioners bear as much of a burden of regulatory compliance and penalties for non-compliance as those operating chemical industries (Francis et al, 2015).

Statement of the Problem

In Nigeria, it is obvious that there has been purported improvement in the practice of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), as it regards proper and sustainable construction of developmental projects. Moreover the construction of new buildings, infrastructure and industries, the production and the transport of building materials as well as waste disposal require an increasing amount of bio-productive areas. The significance of this impact requires its measure, here performed by ecological footprint analysis. These and other global environmental and human-related issues encouraged an increasing number of designers, planners, developers and building users to provide more sustainable urban planning and building construction strategies. The application of sustainability principles and environmental accounting methods to building construction is a consequence of the global environmental problems and it aims to reduce the direct and indirect impact of construction industry with respect to two main issues:  air pollution due to greenhouse gas emissions; depletion of both renewable and un-renewable natural resources (petroleum, natural gas, materials). One of the main objectives of the application of environmental impact assessment methods to building construction is to evaluate the impact of common and alternative constructive technologies and materials and its effect to environmental problems.

Aim and Objectives of the Study

The major purpose of this study is to assess the impact of construction activities on environment in Nigeria.

Other general objectives of the study are:

1. To examine the contribution of building construction to environmental pollution.
2. To examine the environment and its sustainability in urban areas.
3. To examine the effects of building construction on the environment in urban areas.

Research Questions

1. What are the contributions of building construction to environmental pollution?
2. What is environment and how can it be sustained in urban areas?
3. What are the effects of building construction on the environment in urban areas?

Significance of the Study

The study will be of great benefit to policy makers, building construction professionals, national environmental agency, students and researchers. The study will enable environmental managers have an in-depth understanding of the effects of building construction on the environment and the way to assess the problem associated with it. It will also be readily available for academic consumption.

Scope of the Study 

The study is based on assessment on the impact of construction activities on environment in Nigeria using Efab Estate Gwarimpa, Abuja as a case study.

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