FIELDS OF STATISTICS

FIELDS OF STATISTICS

Statistics is the mathematical science involving the collection, analysis and interpretation of data. A number of specialties have evolved to apply statistical theory and methods to various disciplines. Certain topics have “statistical” in their name but relate to manipulators of probability distribution rather than to statistical analysis.

The following fields have application of statistics:

1. Actual science:

This is the discipline that applies mathematical and statistical methods to assess risk in the insurance and finance industries.

• Astrostatistics:  

This is the discipline that applies statistical analysis to the understanding of astronomical data.

• Biostatistics:

This is a branch of biology that studies biological phenomena and observations by means of statistical analysis, and includes medical statistics.

• Business analysis:

This is a rapidly developing business process that applies statistical methods to data sets (often very large) to develop new insights and understanding of business performance and opportunities.

• Chemometnics:

This is the science of relating measurements made on chemical system or process to the state of the system via application of mathematical statistical methods.

• Demography:

This is the statistical study of all populations. It can be a very general science that can be applied to any kind of dynamic population, that is one that changes over time or space.

• Econometrics:

This is a branch of economics that applies statistical methods to the empirical study of economic theories and relationship.

• Environmental statistics:

This is the application of statistical methods to environmental science. Weather climate, air a water quality is included, as are studies of plant and animal populations.

• Epidemiology:

This is the study of factors affecting the health and illness of populations, and serves as the foundations and logic of interventions made in the interest of public health and preventive medicine.  

1. Geostatistics:

This is a branch of geography that deals with the analysis of data from disciplines such as petroleum geology, hydrogeology, hydrology, meteorology, oceanography, geochemistry and geography.

1. Operations research/operation research:

This is an interdisciplinary branch of applied mathematics and formal science that uses methods such as mathematical modeling, statistics, and algorithms to arrive at optimal or near optimal solutions to complex problems.

1. Population ecology:

This is a sub-field of ecology that deals with dynamics of species populations and how these populations interacts with the environment.

1. Psychometric:

This is the theory and technique of educational and psychological measurements of knowledge, abilities, attitudes and personality traits.

1. Quality/control:

This reviews the factors involved in manufacturing and production, it can make use of statistical sampling of product items to aid decisions in process control or in accepting deliveries.

1. Quantitative psychology:

This is the science of statistically explaining and charging mental process and behaviors in humans.

1. Reliability engineering:

This is the study of ability of a system or component to perform its required functions under stated conditions for a specified period of time.

1. Statistical finance:

This is an area of econophysics, is an empirical attempt to shift finance from its normative roots to a positivist frame work using exemplars from statistical physics with an emphasis on emergent or collective properties of financial markets.

1. Statistical mechanism:

This is the application of probability theory, which includes mathematical tools for dealing with large populations, to the fields of mechanics, which is concerned with the motor of particles or objects when subjected to a force.

1. Statistical physics:

This is one of the fundamental theories of physics, and uses methods of probability theory in solving physical problems.

• Statistical thermodynamics:

This is the study of the microscopic behaviours of thermodynamic systems using probability theory and provides a molecular level interpretation of thermodynamic quantities such as work, heat, free energy and entropy.