PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL FROM SWEET SORGHUM STALK

 SOLD BY: Excellent Project| ATTRIBUTES: Title, Abstract, Chapter 1-5 and Appendices|FORMAT: Microsoft Word| PRICE: N3000| BUY NOW |DELIVERY TIME: Within 24hrs. For more details Chatt with us on WHATSAPP @ https://wa.me/2348055730284

PRODUCTION OF ETHANOL FROM SWEET SORGHUM STALK

Chapter one

Introduction

1. Background of study

Ethanol is an alcoholic compound belonging to the class of alcohol. Alcohol contains one or more hydroxyl group (oh). The simpler ones are the monohydric alcohols; they contain only one oh group per molecule. (victor, 2014). Alcohols have many uses in chemical industry, especially as solvent and as intermediate in the manufacture of chemicals such as esters. The use of tetraethyl lead (iv) as a gasoline additive is declining, so it’s being replaced by adding small amount of ethanol to gasoline to increase its octane value. In some countries, ethanol rather than gasoline is used as fuel for vehicles. Ethanol like other alcohols is produced from fermentation of sugar using yeast (victor, 2014).

Fermentation is the slow decomposition by micro-organisms of large organic molecules (such as starch) into smaller molecules (such as ethanol); fermentation is the traditional way of making ethanol. ( ababio, 2011). Because ethanol is produced from sugar materials, sweet sorghum stalk is taken as a choice of feed stock, because it is rich in sugar content, and its low economic importance to the society. ( hadi, 2009). The sugar content in the juice of sweet sorghum varies in different varieties. The brix-range is 14.32-22.85 % (table 2) ( selphahi 1996).

Lignocellulosic materials are mainly comprised of cellulose, which is a glucose polymer, hemicelluloses, a mixture of polysaccharides composed mainly by glucose, mannose, xylose, arabinose and lignin. (sexena et al., 2009). In this work, ethanol production from sweet sorghum stalk was carried out using fermentation and distillation process.

1. Statement Of The Problem

The demand for ethanol has increased over the years because of its usefulness to the society. Ethanol can be produced from starchy and lignocelluloses materials, and because sorghum stalk (considered as waste) contains a very high percentage of starch and lignocelluloses, it is considered very suitable for ethanol production.

1. Significance/Purpose Of The Study
2. To produce ethanol using non grain as feed stock
3. To reduce environmental pollution e.g. Burning of the stalk
4. To transform waste materials (the sorghum stalks) to valuable product.
5. To create a source of employment.

1.3       Research Questions

• Why is time and temperature important in the fermentation process?
• How can you confirm the presence of starch in sorghum stalk?
• What are the enzymes needed to achieve this work?
• How can one produce absolute ethanol?

1.4       Scope Of The Study (Limitation/Delimitation)

There are various raw materials used in the production of ethanol and various factors being considered in the process but this research will be limited to sweet sorghum stalk as feed stock and effect of time on the percentage yield.

1.5       Definition Of Terms

1.5.1       Hydrolysis: This is the chemical decomposition of compounds by reacting with water.

1.5.2       Fermentation: The chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other micro-organisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat.

1.5.3       Distillation: It is a technique or method used to separate components of a liquid mixture by the application of heat.

1.5.4       Fermenting Bottle: It is a container in which fermentation takes place.

1.5.5       Distillation Apparatus: A device that is designed for separating liquid mixtures into fractions of different compositions by means of simple distillation.

1.5.6       Distillate: The product obtained from the condensation of vapors in distillation.

 SOLD BY: Excellent Project| ATTRIBUTES: Title, Abstract, Chapter 1-5 and Appendices|FORMAT: Microsoft Word| PRICE: N3000| BUY NOW |DELIVERY TIME: Within 24hrs. For more details Chatt with us on WHATSAPP @ https://wa.me/2348055730284