CONSTRUCTION AND EVALUATION OF CONCRETE FISH POND

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CONSTRUCTION AND EVALUATION OF CONCRETE FISH POND

ABSTRACT

The project is to construct concrete fish pond. The previous concrete pond was discovered/observed to have numerous cracks and too small for present day fish farming production. This project was conducted to meet up with the deficiencies which the previous pond had. The foundation was laid with hard cores, concrete mix in the ratio 1:3:6 (cement, coarse aggregate and fine aggregate) and cement blocks. The dimension are of the pond are 5.48m long, 2.44m wide and 1m high. The pond was constructed to self-evacuate water from the pond and disallow water that may lead to overflow of pond which might lead to loss offish being reared in the pond. The construction was fort (fled with iron rod at some critical wall sides to prevent wall cracks and water leakages. Conveniently each segment of the pond can contain 800-1200 fingerlings, 400- 600 of juvenile. The concrete fish pond is recommended to farmers for practicing of fish farming because it is highly economized and is not exposed, to soil erosion hazard when compared to earthen fish pond.

CHAPTER ONE

1.0       INTRODUCTION

Everyday many tonnes of fishes are imported into the country from other countries.

This is because large number of consumers depended on fish as a source of protein in their food. The reason for fish is as a result of low productivity within the country.

This has led to a laudable increase in the number of fish farmers within the country today. But farmers are still facing the problem of inadequate facilities needed for optimum productivity.

This why the number of fish ponds has to be increased to boost fish production in order to meet up the animal protein requirement of the ever increasing population. (Akpati 1996).

A pond is a small body of water of artificial formation, its bed been either hallowed out of the soil or formed by embarking or damming up of the natural flowing water. A pond is a beautiful and fascinating addition of any garden and ponds can be kept in most part of the world as long as you choose your species wisely. (Akpati, 1996). The construction of fish pond involves the knowledge of varieties of things like the type of soil, the angle of retention of a particular type of soil, soil management for construction, the interaction relationship between water and soil, the behaviour of soils under the permanently wet and submerged conditions etc. After careful observation and proper consideration only then one can construct a proper fish pond which can last many years and which fish rearing can he practiced regularly. The construction of pond should be such that there should he least amount of seepage or leakage loss of water, safe from siltation, side collapse and filling of the pond, safe from other predatory, terrestrial and aquatic animals ,tree from the possibility of flooding or overflowing of water or drying or serious reduction of water. The pond should also he constructed in such a way that feeding and caring of the fish, disease control, and supervision, control of inlet and outlet of water from the pond and finally the netting and harvesting of fish becomes easy. Fish pond can be constructed at any place where sufficient amount of water is available and those factors mentioned above are carefully monitored. If it is fresh water then fresh water fishes can be brackish water then brackish water fishes can be reared, if sewage and marshy type of water then air breathing type of fishes can be reared.

We can find all kinds of fishes growing in all type of water provided the pond is capable of maintaining the water level and quality within certain range of the optimum level. Farm ponds are constructed for many purposes. Those designed for livestock, watering irrigation and fire protection must be built near the utility where they serve and must be provided with adequate water. Ponds constructed for fish are designed for easy access.

Adequate water and stocking capacity and water level manipulation.

Fish is a fragile animal that cannot withstand stress resulting from any environmental factor; the pond should be well constructed to avoid the cement particles dissolving in the water that may cause high mortality of the fishes.

The capacity the pond can hold to produce optimum yield depends on the size of the pond. Large ponds are more economical to construct but harvesting cost can upset any savings in construction cost (LOUIS. A. Helfrich).

1.1       STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS

In the past, various types of ponds have been constructed.

Unfortunately many of these ponds have been poorly constructed that they failed to serve the purpose for which they were originally designed for. Until recently little concern was shown for construction safety in building farm pond. Now, many states are routinely checking pond and condemning those that are unsafe.

Condemned pond must be drained and repaired or destroyed.

The problem faced in the use of earthen pond which includes subjects to loss of water through evaporation during the summer, predator attack, theft, poisoning from external persons, direct dissolution in the water and a host of others has lead to vast increase in the use of concrete ponds in other to reduce to the barest minimum hazards.

1.2       AIM AND OBJECTIVES

The construction of concrete fish pond is geared towards achieving the following aims and objectives:

1.         To create easy path to acquiring knowledge in practical fish farming by students.

2.         To serve as a recreational facility.

3.         To construct a quality standard concrete fish pond for rearing of fishes.

4.         To encourage people to see fish farming as a career and develop interest in it.

5.         To halt the hazards caused as a result of the use of earthen fish ponds.

1.3       JUSTIFICATION

Ever since fish farming started, many farmers have tried to improve the facilities used in other to produce optimum yield and to earn maximum profit.

In the course of achieving this, some of these farmers have used different facilities such as tanks, raceways, vats and aquariums.

Our main aim is to construct a concrete fish pond that is more productively efficient.

Many farmers have taken important steps in inventing new ideas to be used in the construction of more stable ponds that can withstand high pressure for a long time.

On this basis the justification for this project is based on the following:

1.         To reduce loss of water through seepage associated with the use of earthen pond.

2.         To reduce the drudgery involved in the harvesting of fish reared in earthen pond.

3.         To ensure proper fish health management.

4.         To avoid feed wastages as the result of earthen pond.

5.         To ensure durability.

6.         To ensure convenience in terms of changing water.

7.         Save the labour involved in weeding and desalting of the earthen pond.

1.4       LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

1.         Although cast concrete wtl1s are more superior but due to cost, quality bricks are used instead.

2.         Three to four concrete ponds are preferred but only one is presently constructed.

3.         A borehole provides permanent source of water but due to cost, overhead plastic tank is suggested as reservoir for water supply.

1.5       SCOPE OF THE STUDY

The purpose of this project is to construct a concrete fish pond that can be used for rearing of fishes and to make people develop interest in the career.

It is also in fulfillment of the National Diploma of the institution.

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