PROXIMATE AND MINERAL ANALYSIS OF SELECTED BITTER VEGETABLES

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PROXIMATE AND MINERAL ANALYSIS OF SELECTED BITTER VEGETABLES

ABSTRACT

This research work is carried out to determine the proximate and minerals  content  in some bitter vegetables (gongronema latifoluim, hibiscus sabdarrifa ,and rhus thyphina) all  the statistical analysis for the proximate analysis results obtained was calculated in percentage and for the Minerals was represented using bar chat and evaluated using  one way of variance (ANOVA). In mineral analysis it shows that gongronema latifoluim has high concentration of Fe than other minerals present which are K, Ca,Ti, Mn, Ni, Cu,Zn,Se,Br, Rb. while rhus thyphina has the higher level of k and Fe than other minerals present which are Ca, Ti, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Br, Rb. Also hibiscus sabdarrifa has higher level of K than other minerals present. hibiscus sabdarrifa has higher level of K than  the two bitter vegetables. for the proximate analysis hibiscus sabdarrifa is seen to have the highest moisture content at 5.66% also having the highest ash content at 4.40%, also having the highest crude fiber content at 28%, gongronema latifoluim, was seen to have the highest crude protein at 27.2%, rhus thyphina was seen to have the highest crude fat content 0.97%, hibiscus sabdarrifa was seen to have the highest carbohydrate content at 65.56%

CHAPTER ONE

1.0       INTRODUCTION

Vegetables are edible parts of leafs, stem and roots of plants which can be eaten raw or cooked (Hyson D, 2002), they play an important role in human nutrition been low in fats and carbohydrate but high in vitamins and dietary fibre. Bitter vegetables play an important role in human nutrition and health, particularly as sources of vitamin C, thiamine, niacin, pyridoxine, folic acid, minerals, other vital nutrients supplied by bitter vegetables include riboflavin, zinc, calcium, potassium and phosphorus. Some components of bitter vegetables are (phytochemicals) are strong antioxidants and modify the metabolic activation and detoxification/disposition of carcinogens and may even influence processes that may change the course of the tumor cell efforts begin early in life Prior R. L. et al., (2000). Research has shown that the consumption of bitter vegetables may be associated with a decreased incidence and mortality of a variety of chronic diseases which includes obesity. Bitter vegetable intake has been shown to have positive effects in terms of weight management and obesity prevention (Quebedeaux B. et al., 2006). There are various benefits gained by consuming a diet rich in bitter vegetables, but it is not clearly understood why a diet rich in bitter vegetables would prevent obesity or excessive weight gain, suggesting that further studies are needed to elucidate and confirm possible mechanisms involved in the prevention of obesity by bitter vegetable consumption It is a common knowledge in biological science that mammalian and plant cells are constantly exposed to a variety of oxidizing agents. These oxidizing agents may be present in air, food, and water, or they may be produced by metabolic activity within the cells, however, it is important to maintain a balance between oxidants and antioxidants to be able to sustain optimal physiological conditions. Overproduction of oxidants can cause an imbalance, leading to oxidative stress. Oxidative stress can cause oxidative damage to macromolecules such as lipids, proteins and DNA and consequently lead to increased risk for developing chronic diseases such as cancer and cardiovascular disease. In order to prevent or reduce the oxidative stress induced by free radicals, sufficient amounts of antioxidants need to be consumed and bitter vegetables are known to contain a variety of antioxidant compounds such as phenolics and carotenoids which may help protect cellular systems from oxidative damage and reduce the risk of developing chronic diseases (Crozier A. 2000).

1.2       AIM AND OBJECTIVES

The aim of the study is to determine the proximate and mineral content in selected vegetables which includes  gongronema latifoluim, habiscus sabdariffa, Rhus typhina.

1. To determine the proximate content of the leaves
2. To determine the mineral of three selected (bitter leaves)
3. Comparative analysis of the samples

1.3         SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

The significance of this study is based on the minerals content and proximate analysis of  three bitter vegetables and to investigate the nutritional value of each samples and their application to human health.

1.4       SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This research work is limited to bitter vegetables ( gongronema latifoluim, habiscus sabdariffa,rhus thyphina) sold in Nasarawa market,Nasarawa State

The parameters are proximate analysis with mineral analysis using (ED-XRF)

SOLD BY: Enems Project| ATTRIBUTES: Title, Abstract, Chapter 1-5 and Appendices|FORMAT: Microsoft Word| PRICE: N2000| BUY NOW |DELIVERY TIME: Within 24hrs