PUBLIC TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA

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PUBLIC TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT IN NIGERIA

(A CASE STUDY OF LOKOJA METROPOLIS)

Abstract

Transport can be viewed as a public utility which supplies essential goods and services, whereessential means they cannot be cut off without danger of total or partial collapse of an economy.In what follows, the transport situation in Nigeria is reviewed in order to provide a somewhatqualitative impression of the need to rebuild the infrastructure. Then follows a comment on thetransport policy to the extent to which it provides a guide to planning in the sector. A review ofthe current reform efforts is next provided along with proposed institutional frameworks. Thepaper concludes with a list of investment programmes proposed to support the implementation ofthe seven-point agenda on the transport sector.

 CHAPTER ONE

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Transport can be viewed as a public utility which supplies essential goods and services, where essential means they cannot be cut off without danger of total or partial collapse of aneconomy (Dieter Bos, 2003). Along with power and communication, transport is one of the social overhead capitals which must be developed to a critical minimum level in order to facilitate investments in the other sectors.

From the allocative point of view transport contributes to the infrastructure of the economy, while from the distributional point of view it contributes to providing consumers with necessities of life. There is a pressing need to rebuild the infrastructure of the country as a whole, but rebuilding transport infrastructure should drive this effort so as to provide the basis for addressing the distributional aspects of transport in the context of economic development, especially at this time when the entire national transport system is in the process of transformation, following global trends.

The key components of transport in focus are roads and road transport operators, railway and rail transport operations, airports and airlines, ports and shipping companies, inland waterways, and urban public transport.

The NEEDS framework constitutes a transport development strategy that is private-sector driven, providing an environment capable of addressing the issues of wealth creation, employment generation and poverty reduction.

This overarching strategy formed the basis of the fundamental objective of the country’s National Transport Policy which is to develop an adequate, safe, environmentally sound and efficient transport system in the context of a progressive and competitive market economy(The Draft National Transport Document, 2010).

According to the national transport policy document, the transport sector would take advantage of the private sector initiative to do the following:

1. Improve efficiency of operatives and management of transport parastatals.
2. Achieve the desired reduction in thecost of providing transport services.
3. Facilitate further development in the nation’s transport infrastructure.
4. Eliminate congestion both in the intercity and intra-city traffic flows.
5. Encourage the emergence of Nigeria as a transport hub for West and Central Africa Sub-region.

The National Transport Policy was an attempt to document a transport policy of government in one publication which contains policy statements, objectives and possible implementation strategies. The existing transport policy document was written in 1993; it has been revised twice since then, and the current version is awaiting legislation. The policy covers all modes, but it is not clear whether it should supersede all other existing transport related policy statements, for example, the ones on aviation, and on a separate shipping policy associated with the National Maritime Authority and Safety Agency (NIMASA).

1.1 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

The growth of transport infrastructure and facilities as well as their increased use have undoubtedly brought many economic and health benefits. But they have also brought many problems which have led to environmental crisis both at the global and local levels.

Population and economic pressures generate increased demand for transportation networks and this is accompanied by significant environmental effects. Although Lagos state is the smallest in Nigeria having a total area of 357,700 hectares, it is undoubtedly the most densely populated state in Nigeria due to its commercial and economic activities. Population of the city stands at about18 million inhabitants with a current estimated population growth rate of 6% each year. There is high migration from the rural centers to Lagos as it occupies over 60% of the industries in Nigeria (Ofomata, 2004). 45% of nation‟s skilled manpower resides in the city this is because Lagos is the hub of the nation‟s economic activities.

Poor traffic management is a major problem of the KOGI transport system. Oni, (2012) argues that traffic congestion is a major transportation problem in Nigerian cities. The KOGI road transport system is plagued with high incidences of traffic congestion. This is a situation in which the demand for road exceeds the supply. In other words, the demand for passenger movements per- day exceeds the transportation resources available to meet these needs. The paradox in geometric growth in vehicle ownership in the state without corresponding land-use planning and sustainable transportation planning strategies in the state is another reason for worry.

Associated with the traffic congestions are problems of parking. Parking demands far outweigh the available supply in most Nigerian cities (Ogunbodede, 2008). This results in road-side parking and illegal parking, which are common features in urban centers of Nigeria. The ineffective regulation on parking has further worsened the situation.

Other causes of road congestion in KOGI to include pot holes/ bad roads, trading activities, on-street parking, loading and discharging of passengers, illegal bus stops, poor drainage, vehicle breakdown, narrow road sections, religious activities, lack of parking space and traffic lights at some intersections. There is need for proper traffic management and control of vehicles ownership in other to decrease environmental pollution from the road transport sector (Bashiru and Waziri, 2008).

The air quality problem associated with road transport is also evident in KOGI state. High levels of emissions from road transport vehicles are common, because vehicles are kept on the roads much longer than their expected economic life. In addition slow moving vehicles during traffic periods combined with poorly maintained vehicle stock increases environmental pollution. Onokala and Phil-Eze, (2001) quoted the level of carbon monoxide for KOGI as (10.6ppm 8 hours average and maximum 1 hour concentration of 100ppm). While Aderamo, (2012) reported that the atmospheric lead levels had risen considerably more in Nigeria than other African countries and this indicates a severe problem.

Also the poor quality of fuels sold in the market which contains various additives results in pollution when emitted from exhaust pipes of vehicles. Vehicular emissions inevitably give rise to a large number of hydrocarbon pollutants, also known as volatile organic compounds. Some notable impacts of air pollution include loss of life, chronic respiratory illness, and cardiovascular defects. Other consequences of air pollution include corrosion, acid rain, soiling of fabrics, damage of crops and other vegetation including damage to aesthetic values. In other to eliminate the risk of environmental pollution resulting from this; priority should be given to the assessment of existing vehicular emissions, clean fuel programmes, fuel quality control, and traffic management.

Poor Motor Vehicle Maintenance is evident in the study area. During terminal operations: tank truck cleaning, maintenance, repair, and refueling releases contaminants in the environment. The disposal of used motor oil and tires could occur during maintenance, not only at final disposal of the vehicle and its parts but also during repairs. Disposal of Motor Vehicles and Parts, scrap page of vehicles, improperdisposal of motor oil, tire disposal, lead-acid batteries disposal are evident sources of environmental pollution in the study area.

1.3      PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The study highlights the various modes of transport in kogi state LGA and their levels of operation. The levels of satisfaction of commuters to the public transport services show that, trafficcongestion is intense in the study area particularly during the peak periods and especially along major transport routes. Apparently, the demand on existing public transport system outweighs the capacity of existing transport facilities. The commuter’s modal choice is predominantly commercial bus mainly controlled by the private sector. Waiting at terminals of public transports is frustrating thus, reducing the productivity of workers. To acquire more of these buses for effective operation is a major problem occasioned by the limited income of the operators. However, efficient and effective transport system is critical for sustainable development of the study area in terms of economic, environmental and safety considerations.

1.4 AIM AND OBJECTIVE

To investigate the contributory role of road transport on the poor state of the kogi environment.

The performance of any corporation or parastatal is measured in terms of contribution to standard of living of the people, profit return, cost effectiveness, market penetration andcorporate image. The normative view of strategic planning is that organizations that doformal planning have a higher probability of success than those that do pot. If planning is so fundamental to organizational success, this article looks at how strategic management of a public enterprise can ensure its continuity regardless of the type of government whether military or civilian. The paper is also aimed at offering strategic solutions so as to improve the performance of kogi state transport Corporation.

Specific objectives include;

1. Evaluate the relationship between existent poor environmental conditions of the kogi state and the incidence of congestion.
2. Investigate the relationships between the socio – economic characteristics of the road transport user and the state of the kogi environment.

iii. Assess the perception of road transport users on the quality transportation facilities available

1.5 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF STUDY

This project would have provided both the writer and readers the best opportunity to acquit themselves with adequate theoretical and academic knowledge of the subject matter, but shortage of time and limited availability of most recent materials on the issues discussed constitute a limiting factor.

The study tends to cover public transport management in Nigeria ( a case study of kogi state). We might encounter the following limitations in the course of carrying out the study;

1. Collection of Information: There were limitations in getting all the required information needed for the research as some of the information’s where not forth coming due to lack of co-operation and secrecy the part of the respondents.
2. Financial Limitation: There was also financial limitation, because to carry out a research of any kind you need money and being a student my finances are limited.

• Time Constraints: The time required to get the research done is limited being an academic requirement to finish your studies and research takes a considerable amount of time e.g two years.

1. Secrecy: The respondents being questioned were reluctant in giving relevant information needed for the research work. They see the questions being asked as trying to probe them.
2. Illiteracy: There was limitation of illiteracy on the part of some of the respondent. It is difficult for people who cannot read and write to appreciate the need to supply relevant research information.

The fact that sometimes we have to combine our daily lectures and other academic activities with the research work. These limitations can militate against the smooth conduct of this study.

1.6      Scope of the Study

The scope of the study was limited to Okene Abuja expressway in kogi Nigeria. This is as a result of the peculiar nature and state of the road and the kind of traffic generated on this road on daily bases. Basically, the study investigated issues arising from the objectives of the study. Within the confines of the study, the efficiency of the urban authorities whose statutory responsibility includes transportation planning and management was also reviewed. The investigation examined the various implications of improper transport management in the state.

1.7      Hypothesis

Hi: there is no relationship between the poor environmental conditions/use of the road and the incidence of congestion occurring on the road.

Ho: – There is significant relationship

1.8      Research questions

1. Is there any relationship between the poor environmental conditions of the road and the level of congestion experienced on the road?
2. What is the relationship between the socio – economic characteristics of the road transport user and the state of the kogi environment?
3. What is the perception of road transport users on the quality transportation facilities available?

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