CONSTRUCTION OF MICROCONTROLLER BASED VEHICLE SPEED ALARM

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 SOLD BY: Excellent Project| ATTRIBUTES: Title, Abstract, Chapter 1-5 and Appendices|FORMAT: Microsoft Word| PRICE: N3000| BUY NOW |DELIVERY TIME: Within 24hrs. For more details Chatt with us on WHATSAPP @ https://wa.me/2348055730284

CONSTRUCTION OF MICROCONTROLLER BASED VEHICLE SPEED ALARM

ABSTRACT

The project is based on Construction of microcontroller vehicle speed alarm system which automatically warns the driver by activating a panic alarm which is triggered on when the driver exceeds the speed limit set in the system which also stops the alarm when the speed is reduced below the set speed limit. A speedometer system is used to monitor the speed of the car. The voltage output of the speedometer system is used to set the time the alarm comes on. The other component parts of the system are power unit which comprises of 5volts regulator and diode for reverse voltage prevention, micro controller, analog to digital converter (ADC), LED, resistors, transistors, wires and potentiometer. By proper steps, time and knowledge, one was able to couple the components together to achieve the desired functions which are stated in the various chapters of this report. This system can be used for road safety and measures taken to prevent accident caused by over speeding.

CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

The dashboard instrument cluster in a car organizes a variety of sensors and gauges, including the oil pressure gauge, coolant temperature gauge, fuel level gauge, tachometer and more. But the most prominent gauge and perhaps the most important, at least in terms of how many times you look at it while driving is the speedometer. The job of the speedometer is to indicate the speed of a car in miles per hour, kilometers per hour or both. Even in late-model cars, it’s an analog device that uses a needle to point to a specific speed, which the driver reads as a number printed on a dial. As with any emerging technology, the first speedometers were expensive and available only as options. It wasn’t until 1910 that automobile manufacturers began to include the speedometer as standard equipment. One of the first speedometer suppliers was Otto Schulze Auto meter (OSA), a legacy company of Siemens VDO Automotive AG, one of the leading developers of modern instrument clusters. The first OSA speedometer was built in 1923 and its basic design didn’t change significantly for 60 years. In this project report, high lights will be on the history of speedometers, how they work and digitalization of speedometer, add-on speed checker, and what the future may hold for speedometer design, below is a pictorial overview of a speedometer.

1.2 THE AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT 1. To design a digital speedometer. 2. Incorporate a speed monitor with respect to set threshold.

1.3 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

1.  Actualization of speed using analog to digital conversion technique;
2. Displaying the analog value in a digital format using an alphanumeric LCD display;
3. Entering the speed limit using keyboard built around to push to make switches (mode and adjustment keys)
4. Implementing hall -effect technique.

1.4 PROJECT REPORT ORGANIZATION

The chapter one is the introductory chapter of the project, chapter two highlights on the literature review of the project, chapter three highlights on the system operation chapter four circuit design and implementation, chapter five testing and results of the project, chapter six summary, recommendation and conclusion of the project non-chapter pages are: the reference page and appendix.

CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND A speedometer is a gauge that measures and displays the instantaneous speed of a land vehicle. Now universally fitted to motor vehicles, they started to be available as options in the 1900s, and as standard equipment from about 1910 onwards.[1] Speedometers for other vehicles have specific names and use other means of sensing speed. For a boat, this is a pit log. For an aircraft, this is an airspeed indicator.

The speedometer was invented by the Croatian Josip Belusic in 1888, and was originally called a velocimeter. The eddy current speedometer has been used for over a century and is still in use. Until the 1980s and the appearance of electronic speedometers it was the only type commonly used. Originally patented by a German, Otto Schulze on 7 October 1902, it uses a rotating flexible cable usually driven by gearing linked to the output of the vehicle’s transmission. The early Volkswagen Beetle and many motorcycles, however, use a cable driven from a front wheel.

When the car or motorcycle is in motion, a speedometer gear assembly will turn a speedometer cable which then turns the speedometer mechanism itself. A small permanent magnet affixed to the speedometer cable interacts with a small aluminum cup (called a speed cup) attached to the shaft of the pointer on the analogue speedometer instrument. As the magnet rotates near the cup, the changing magnetic field produces eddy currents in the cup, which themselves produce another magnetic field. The effect is that the magnet exerts a torque on the cup, “dragging” it, and thus the speedometer pointer, in the direction of its rotation with no mechanical connection between them. The pointer shaft is held toward zero by a fine torsion spring.

The torque on the cup increases with the speed of rotation of the magnet (which is driven by the car’s transmission). Thus an increase in the speed of the car will twist the cup and speedometer pointer against the spring. The cup and pointer will turn until the torque of the eddy currents on the cup is balanced by the opposing torque of the spring, and then stop. Since the torque on the cup is exactly proportional to the car’s speed, and the spring’s deflection is proportional to the torque, the angle of the pointer is also proportional to the speed. At a given speed the pointer will remain motionless and pointing to the appropriate number on the speedometer’s dial.

The return spring is calibrated such that a given revolution speed of the cable corresponds to a specific speed indication on the speedometer. This calibration must take into account several factors, including ratios of the tail shaft gears that drive the flexible cable, the final drive ratio in the differential, and the diameter of the driven tires.

2.2 SPEEDOMETERS Many modern speedometers are electronic. In designs derived from earlier eddy-current models, a rotation sensor mounted in the transmission delivers a series of electronic pulses whose frequency corresponds to the (average) rotational speed of the driveshaft, and therefore the vehicle’s speed, assuming the wheels have full traction. The sensor is typically a set of one or more magnets mounted on the output shaft or (in transaxles) differential crown wheel or a toothed metal disk positioned between a magnet and a magnetic field sensor. As the part in question turns, the magnets or teeth pass beneath the sensor, each time producing a pulse in the sensor as they affect the strength of the magnetic field it is measuring. Alternatively, in more recent designs, some manufactures rely on pulses coming from the ABS wheel sensors.

A computer converts the pulses to a speed and displays this speed on an electronically-controlled, analog-style needle or a digital display. Pulse information is also used for a variety of other purposes by the ECU or full-vehicle control system, e.g. triggering ABS or traction control, calculating average trip speed, or more mundanely to increment the odometer in place of it being turned directly by the speedometer cable. Another early form of electronic speedometer relies upon the interaction between a precision watch mechanism and a mechanical pulsate driven by the car’s wheel or transmission.

The watch mechanism endeavors to push the speedometer pointer toward zero, while the vehicle-driven pulsation tries to push it toward infinity. The position of the speedometer pointer reflects the relative magnitudes of the outputs of the two mechanisms. The illustration above boil up in the implementation of the hall-effect technique, the induced voltage as its result is converted to digital using the analog to digital conversion technique.

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