DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CAR PARKING GUARD CIRCUIT USING ULTRASONIC SENSOR

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF CAR PARKING GUARD CIRCUIT USING ULTRASONIC SENSOR

Abstract

While parking the car the driver should be more careful because he/she may not see some obstacles while parking or taking reverse, if there is any obstacle and ran over it might cause damage to the car. The objective of this project is to develop a Microcontroller based car-park system for FPN (Federal Polytechnic Nasarawa). Different kind of accident has being allots of challenges we do face in the society due to one thing or the other. My system models the existing car-parking guard and distance measurement system found in other countries like China, Singapore etc. In addition, it tries to tackle the issue of vehicle learners that usually find it difficult to park their car or taking reverse, also help them trigger alarm when getting too much close to other vehicle at their front or obstacle to avoid hitting them. This project presents the application of ultrasonic sensor circuit for controlling the problem of car parking system and minimizes the rate of accident in the society. I have come up with a small scaled model of the actual car-parking system which can be fixed at either the front or back of a vehicle. It has Ultrasonic sensor, buzzer, Microcontroller. The ultrasonic sensor will detect an obstacle 100cm away and give information to the Microcontroller which will enable generate pulse width modulation for the buzzer. Besides, it is compact in size and less cost-effective. The modular design of hardware can be used with different type of Microcontroller.

Chapter 1 – Introduction

1.0      Project Overview

The main objective of this project is to design and develop a Microcontroller based car parking system for the Federal Polytechnics Nasarawa. This project is aim at implementing a hardware design that will protect the school vehicles from hitting an unseen obstacle while parking or reversing. The assembled project shall have high sensitive ultrasonic sensor, Microcontroller unit and buzzer. The distance measurement sensor shall be mounted at the front or back of the vehicle that will be use for conveying students from one place to the other. The project research will critically look at most economy of the designs and provide a reliable implementation strategy.

1.1         Background and Justification

Making a car parking guard system especially in Nigeria will be significantly useful due to the increase in usage of cars all over the country while there is always increase is traffic jam and lack of parking space. However this will be difficult for some drivers to cope with this situation of the country. In order to deals with this problems there is need to design car parking guard system to help the person on driving seat to be aware of any obstacle while parking or taking reverse, my project is design to counter this situation.

This project is of contributory knowledge to the development and implementation of car parking systems in Nigeria using low cost, locally available components like Arduino mini pro, resistors, Ultrasonic sensor (popularly referred to as ‘distance measurement sensor ‘) and very cheap buzzer.

1.2       Aim and Objectives of Project/Research

1.2.1       Aim

There is need to provide car parking system within Federal Polytechnics Nasarawa. This project is aim at implementing a hardware design that will provide the minimization of accident risk. The assembled project shall have distance measurement sensor (ultrasonic sensor), Microcontroller that control the work function of the entire project, and buzzer that sound whenever activated by the tone detector. The distance measurement sensor shall be mounted at the front or back of the vehicle that will be use as obstacle detector. The project research will critically look at most economy of the designs and provide a reliable implementation strategy.

1.2.2       Objectives

• To research about design method of Microcontroller circuits and come out with a workable, implementable, and cost effective circuit based on Microcontroller Unit (MCU).
• To develop an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) for the intending Microcontroller Unit and develop firmware based on the MCU unit so selected
• Interface ultrasonic sensor, serial memory, and display unit to the MCU.
• To implement hardware (solder the components together) for the project.
• Carry out basic reliability test on the system developed.
• The academic  goal  of  this  project  is  to  develop  skills  in combination of research, design, implementation and analysis. Other goals are to improve project management and problem solving skill

1.3       Motivation

We have been facing allot of challenges all over the country due to lack of car parking space which makes it difficult to some drivers to park their car easily. And also in an environment where people do cross road all the time (market place, students crossing) Also, during traffic jam where the driver needs to be moving bumper to bumper some drivers find it difficult to do so, this makes them to likely hit the vehicle at the front or at the back, this call for strict investigation to ascertain the real cost. While some analysts argue it was due to lack of driving terminology, others argued some driver has the basic driving knowledge but due to carelessness, To effectively eliminate or reduce this, there is need to provide a car parking guard to monitor the distance between a particular car and the car, obstacle at the front or at the bark with the range of 100cm distance.

1.4       Contribution to Knowledge

• Development customised firmware for the Microcontroller Unit
• Develop hardware interface using Arduino mini pro based.
• Interface Arduino mini to TDS21 proximity sensor, serial memory.
• Design a customized casing.
• Identify suitable location to mount the device on the body of the vehicle.

1.5        Scope and Limitation of project

• Research and study of modern technology usage of Arduino mini pro.
• Research and study on various Microcontrollers available in the market.
• Understanding the operational functions of Arduino mini pro, Ultrasonic Sensors, and Demonstration Board.
• Designing of the car parking guard available with ultrasonic sensor to detect an obstacle.
• Designing of the car parking system to reduce the risk of accident.
• Understanding of circuit Design and choosing the sensors.
• Research on the possibilities of future development and improvement of the project.
• The project was design to detect an obstacle within the range of 100cm.

1.6       Structure of the Report

Chapter 2 will look at literature on design and implementation of car parking guard.

Chapter 3 this involves adopting engineering methodology, and then implements the methodology on car parking guard.

Chapter 4 this section will discuss test result, all measurement and analysis will be carrying out on implementation of car parking guard.

Chapter 5 will state the conclusion, project appraisal, and recommendation.

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