Implementation of Access Door On Finger Print Security  System

Abstract

Due to the high rate of increase in crime, terrorism and insecurity in the world especially in the country Nigeria, the personal safety of the population in public and private building always has become the greatest concern in current day life and this is because in the recent age, many lives and value properties has being lost as a result of insecurity and various forms of terrorism and crimes in the country. Access control for buildings represents an important tool for protecting both building occupants and the structure itself from intruders and other forms of terror; it is the system where the access to a given building structure is generally restricted to only authorize persons. This thesis presents a complete analysis of the design of a finger print based door access control. The system is designed around the 8051 microcontroller unit which performs the necessary calculations and operations required for the functionality of the project. The project also has the finger print module system which is used to scan and verify the finger print of the person that intends to gain access into the structure. Also available in the system is the LCD display screen which enables the user to see information on the operation of the system. The working of the system is by the registration of a master finger which is the main default access to the structure. The master finger now registers the required access to the building. Thus anyone who requires gaining access into the building structure must be registered by the master finger before he can gain access to the building structure. When installed, the user simply places his hands on the module, the module scans the finger and compares it to the record it has, and if the finger matches any of its record the door lock simply opens thus giving access to the person. The project finds applications in domestic homes and commercial applications.

Chapter 1 – Introduction

1.0      Project Overview

Due to the high rate of increase in crime, terrorism and insecurity in the world especially in the country Nigeria, The personal safety of the population in public and private building always has become the greatest concern in current day life and this is because in the recent age, many lives and value properties has being lost as a result of insecurity and various forms of terrorism and crimes in the country. Access control for buildings represents an important tool for protecting both building occupants and the structure itself from intruders and other forms of terror; it is the system where the access to a given building structure is generally restricted to only authorize persons. The security of a building is a prime duty of every hose owner as crimes of many kinds are usually very unpredictable. One of the important security systems in a building is door access control system which is a physical security that assures the security of a room or building by the means of limiting access to the building to specific people that are given authorized access and by keeping records of such access. There is also a paramount need of every handicapped person in a building to have an easy way of getting access to a given building without involving physical strength this can always be achieved only by providing an automated system with which such a person can gain access to the building structure by a simple means of security verification.

Secured buildings are buildings that currently protected from unwanted/unauthorized access by a variety of devices and security systems even though there are many kinds of devices as of guarantee system safety such as PIN PADS keys, conventional and electronic identity cards, cryptographic and dual control procedures, biometrics and

RFID (radio frequency identification system) card systems. The most widespread of home/door security systems in the world today is the smartcard systems which limit access to the room or building to only authorized users who has position of a define smart cards for the access into the building structure. However, there is difficulty in prevent another person from attaining and using a legitimate authorized person’s card, the conventional card can also be lost, duplicated stolen, forgotten, or impersonated with accuracy.

Due to the limitations of conventional security procedures, a range of biometric verification options are currently under consideration for security systems, including door access control in the biometric methods such as fingerprints, biometric sounds and also eye screening. The biometrics is simply the use of measurable, biological characteristics such as fingerprints or iris patterns to identify a person using an electronic system.  

This method of identity works with the principles of human biological variation among one another in the given society. The use of human variation in access control is the most reliable method in which the access to a given building structure can be controlled and this is because every human being that exists in the world varies from one another in one given form or the other. For instance in the use of finger print which is utilized in this project, in the finger print variation, every human being that exists has a unique finger print which is different from every other human being in the world. This thus gives a perfect means by which the access to a given facility can be controlled.

The finger print based security system and door lock presented in this thesis is a security system that is a system that provides security from intruders into a given

structure by controlling the access into the structure and limiting access to only authorized persons whose finger prints are registered to the system. The system operation utilizes the biometric identification system where the finger print is used as the means of identification and access control into the given building structure. The system is designed around the 8051 microcontroller unit which performs the necessary calculations and operations required for the functionality of the project. The project also has the finger print module system which is used to scan and verify the finger print of the person that intends to gain access into the structure. Also available

in the system is the LCD display screen which enables the user to see information on the operation of the system. The working of the system is by the registration of a master finger which is the main default access to the structure. The master finger now registers the required access to the building. Thus anyone who requires gaining access into the building structure must be registered by the master finger before he can gain access to the building structure. When installed, the user simply places his hands on the module, the module scans the finger and compares it to the record it has, and if the finger matches any of its record the door lock simply opens thus giving access to the person.

1.1       Background of the study

Crime rate in the world is of a great increase in the recent years. In the world today, it’s a fact that crimes against property and human lives are not only increasing, they’re moving more and more frequently into the suburbs and areas away from the city center to even local areas and homes. Installing a reliable home security system may be the best decision any person would ever have made especially in a country like

Nigeria where the rate of insecurity of lives and properties are highly increasing. For this reasons, there exists a number of security systems in the world that works in a number of application principles. The discovery of the burglaries alarm system is a great innovation in the crime for intrusion into a given structure this was done by Boston in 1852. The discovery is a great trend to the today’s security systems. The various problems, disadvantages and failures offered by many types of security system is the major lead to the implementation of this project as it aims to provide the most reliable system of security available by utilizing the principles of access control using biometric principle which is the most reliable method of controlling access into a given restricted area.

1.2       Aim and Objectives of Project/Research

1.2.1       Aim

Access control for buildings represents an important tool for protecting both building occupants and the structure itself from intruders and other forms of terror; it is the system where the access to a given building structure is generally restricted to only authorize persons. Having examined the need to provide security in a given building structure, the project is aimed at providing a reliable security in a building against intrusion and other physical security challenges in the building by providing a restricted access to the structure by the use of the finger print biometric system.

1.2.2       Objectives

The project is also embarked on with the following objectives;

• To provide digital security that can prevent burglaries and inversions in the building.

• Providing a burglary alarm system that provides alert to the user whenever there is a security issue in the building.
• Providing a controlled access into a given building structure through the utilization of the biometrics principles of user identification and access control.
• To examine all the existing types of security systems their limitations and flaws and provide a system that is more reliable and low cost. This is achieved by making modification that enables the system to be more reliable and more efficient.

1.3       Motivation

The quest to provide a lasting solution to the ever increasing insecurity problems in the world has lasted for ages without any physical solution to insecurity especially in the developing courtiers like Nigeria. Due to this fact, people tend to turn out implementing alert systems that will inform the user of the state of security in the structure that is resident to the user. Due to this factor, there are many pre-existing types of home security systems in the world today that tend to provide a reliable security of properties against intrusion and emergencies that may occur at any given time. The various types of home security systems available have one or more limitations which include high cost, low efficiency, low reliability and many more. The finger prim based security system provides the most reliable security system by providing the control of access into the restricted structure and limiting the access to only authorized persons in the building.

The security provided by the system is achieved by utilizing the biometric control and verification through the use of finger print.

1.4       Contribution to Knowledge

In the world today, it’s a fact that crimes against property and human lives are not only increasing, they’re moving more and more frequently into the suburbs and areas away from the city center to even local areas and homes. Installing a reliable home security system may be the best decision any person would ever have made especially in a country like Nigeria where the rate of insecurity of lives and properties are highly increasing. Even if no one ever attempts to enter any home, carry out an attack or steal any property, a home security system can protect one and his family from thieves and attacks of various forms from both intruders and terrorists of many kinds. It can also give you a “panic button alert” in case of medical emergencies or other emergencies. The peace of mind that comes with having a home security system is priceless. The digital home security system using finger print presented in this project utilizes the principles of artificial intelligence to provide a building with the adequate security it needs from all sorts of burglaries an unexpected emergencies in the building it is installed. ‘Digital Security’ gives individuals the freedom to embrace the digital lifestyle – to confidently engage in everyday interactions across all digital devices. Digital security affects all aspects of the digital lifestyle, which, among others, comprises computers and the internet, telecommunications, financial transactions, transportation, healthcare, and secure access.

1.5       Scope and Limitation of project

The use of the finger print based home security system and door lock can cover a wide range of range of areas of application that includes homes, industries and for commercial applications the digital home security system designed in the project finds applications in a building where there are a maximum of two entrance and exit points. For commercial application, the system will only need to be provided with additional sensors and more finger prim scanners to provide wider coverage of secured points. The design can take a record of about a three hundred fingers thus its access is limited to about three hundred users. If the system is required to take more fingers than this level, then a memory system has to be introduced to the system to accommodate more persons. The project offers a wide range of numerous advantages but it is also limited to a number of factors which may include:

• The project is relatively expensive as compared to other forms of security systems that may exist.
• The project design and implementation is quite cumbersome and difficult to implement.
• The operation and installation of the system requires trained personnel.

1.6       Structure of the Report

This section will discuss the layout of the report, the chapters are;

Chapter 1 look at the general introduction of the automobile based finger print security system.

Chapter 2 will look at literature on finger print security system.

Chapter 3 this involves adopting engineering methodology, and then implements the methodology for the construction and implementation of finger print security system.

Chapter 4 this section will discuss test result, all measurement and analysis will be carrying out on the construction of the finger print security system.

Chapter 5 states the conclusion, project appraisal, and recommendation

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